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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAc?a-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to fast 2 fastface="Times New Roman Star"1 поститься 2 постface="Times New Roman Star"bac?a- 1, bac?aq 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bac?aq 2 (MK)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 293. Turk. bac?a-k 'fast' > WMong. bac?ag.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to putface="Times New Roman Star"класть

face="Times New Roman Star"ko-
face="Times New Roman Star"qo- (Pav. C., IM)








face="Times New Roman Star"xyv-, xu-









face="Times New Roman Star"qo-


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 273, ЭСТЯ 6, 27-29. The root seems archaic, but in most languages (beginning with OT) was substituted by the synonymous *Kod- (v. sub *k`o>da), being preserved only in Chag., Osm. and Chuv.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kod-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to put, leave, abandonface="Times New Roman Star"класть, оставлять, покидатьface="Times New Roman Star"qod- (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qod|- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koj-face="Times New Roman Star"quj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.j-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"quz-face="Times New Roman Star"Goj-face="Times New Roman Star"Goj-

face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-
face="Times New Roman Star"xor-



face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"quj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-
face="Times New Roman Star"qoj-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 274, EDT 595-596, ЭСТЯ 6, 27-28, Федотов 2, 361. The original meaning (observable in most ancient occurrences, see EDT 595) must have been 'to put aside, leave, abandon'; the meaning 'put' appears somewhat later and is probably due to a merger with *Ko- 'to put' (v. sub *ga), not attested before the XIVth century.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kodyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"below, downwardsface="Times New Roman Star"внизу, внизface="Times New Roman Star"qody (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qod|y (MK, QB)face="Times New Roman Star"koju
face="Times New Roman Star"quju, qujy (MA, Бор. Бад.), quji (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qujiface="Times New Roman Star"qujuface="Times New Roman Star"qozy, quzy, quzu





face="Times New Roman Star"(?) x@rl@ 'bowing the head' (KW 153)face="Times New Roman Star"xotu 'downstream; North'face="Times New Roman Star"kotun 'in the direction of'face="Times New Roman Star"quduface="Times New Roman Star"qudu









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 596, VEWT 275, ЭСТЯ 6, 31-32, Stachowski 154.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tilgenface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wheelface="Times New Roman Star"колесоface="Times New Roman Star"tilgen, tilken (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 499.
face="Times New Roman Star"*okraface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 pimple, pustule 2 disease of cattleface="Times New Roman Star"1 прыщ 2 болезнь скота


face="Times New Roman Star"uqra 2face="Times New Roman Star"oqra (Буд.) 1














face="Times New Roman Star"oqra 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uqra 'овод бычачий'





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ydukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sacredface="Times New Roman Star"священныйface="Times New Roman Star"yduq (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"yd|uq (MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"yzyx
face="Times New Roman Star"yjyq, ijik
face="Times New Roman Star"j@r@xface="Times New Roman Star"ytyq
face="Times New Roman Star"ydyq
face="Times New Roman Star"yjyq


face="Times New Roman Star"yjyq




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 46, ЭСТЯ 1, 649-650, Егоров 80, Федотов 199, TMN 230-231 (most sources give a dubious inner Turkic derivation < *yd- 'to send', based on the old gloss in MK - most probably a folk etymology).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bElinface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hawkface="Times New Roman Star"ястреб




face="Times New Roman Star"belin (Chag.)

face="Times New Roman Star"beli-baGly















face="Times New Roman Star"belin|


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 69.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"ku"r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"oxface="Times New Roman Star"бык, волface="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"zface="Times New Roman Star"ugi>zface="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ho.kizface="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z, ho"ku"zface="Times New Roman Star"kusface="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"zface="Times New Roman Star"o"kiz, o"ku"z



face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|gъw|rface="Times New Roman Star"og|usface="Times New Roman Star"ogus

face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"zface="Times New Roman Star"o"gi>zface="Times New Roman Star"o"gizface="Times New Roman Star"ugi>d|face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"zface="Times New Roman Star"jo"ku"zface="Times New Roman Star"oku"z, o"gu"zface="Times New Roman Star"o"giz
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"zface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120, VEWT 370, ЭСТЯ 1, 521-523, Лексика 439, Stachowski 190. Clauson 1959 derives the form from Tokh. B okso (corrected to Tokh. A in EDT); justly refuted by Doerfer TMN 1, 539 because of original *p-. Turk. (Bulg.) > Hung. o"ko"r, see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 23.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bAla- (?)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fir treeface="Times New Roman Star"ель


















face="Times New Roman Star"balaty 'young fir tree'

face="Times New Roman Star"balas?ty (VEWT)face="Times New Roman Star"balas (VEWT)




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 60 (the Bashk. and KBalk. forms are only found there, so the root is somewhat dubious).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jularface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"halterface="Times New Roman Star"недоуздок
face="Times New Roman Star"jular (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jular
face="Times New Roman Star"jular (Pav. C., Houts.), jolar (AH)






face="Times New Roman Star"d/ular

face="Times New Roman Star"sular
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ular





face="Times New Roman Star"jular

face="Times New Roman Star"z|/ulur
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 932, VEWT 210, ЭСТЯ 4, 244-245, Лексика 556.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ben|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bait, bird-seedface="Times New Roman Star"приманка, корм для птицface="Times New Roman Star"men| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"men| (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ben, ben| (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"men| (MA)



face="Times New Roman Star"men|




face="Times New Roman Star"men|ia" < *men|-eg (dimin.)face="Times New Roman Star"men|e











face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 334, EDT 766, Stachowski 178. Turk. > WMong. men|, see KW 261.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bun/gakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"female maralface="Times New Roman Star"самка маралаface="Times New Roman Star"mujg|aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"mujg|aq (MK), mun|g|aq (KB)







face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|ax
face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aq



face="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"myjg|aq









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 344, EDT 772, Лексика 153.
face="Times New Roman Star"*orface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"red-brown (of a horse)face="Times New Roman Star"каштаново-гнедой (о масти лошади)
face="Times New Roman Star"or (MK, IM)









face="Times New Roman Star"or 'grey'

face="Times New Roman Star"or 'blackish piebald'



face="Times New Roman Star"or
face="Times New Roman Star"ur-g|ujan 'заяц-русак'





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 192-193, VEWT 364.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gele-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to woo 2 to ask 3 messenger, in-between 4 parents having espoused their children 5 a promised brideface="Times New Roman Star"1 ухаживать, свататься 2 просить, выпрашивать 3 посланник, сват 4 родители, взаимно поженившие детей 5 просватанная девушка

face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) geles?ik 4face="Times New Roman Star"kiles?- 1, ka"la"s? 5; (Mishar) kela"- 2, (КСТТ) kla"n- 'to annoy, pester'face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar.) kelec?i 3 (Qutb)



face="Times New Roman Star"geles?ik 4, gelen| 'attention, care'face="Times New Roman Star"k@le- 2, k@len- 'to beg'


face="Times New Roman Star"kalas/- 1; k@le- 2






face="Times New Roman Star"ka"la"s? 5face="Times New Roman Star"kelec?i 3
face="Times New Roman Star"kelis?- 1, kl'a-, kl'an- 'to wish, be favourably inclined'

face="Times New Roman Star"geles?- 1, gelec?i 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, ЭСТЯ 5, 32-33, Ахметьянов 112-114, Егоров 105, Федотов 1, 270-271. Some languages may reflect a merger with *kele- 'speak' (v. sub *k`i_a>li). Turk. > Russ. клянчить.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KEbelface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a well-bred fast horseface="Times New Roman Star"благородная быстрая лошадь
face="Times New Roman Star"kevel, kevil (MK, KB)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 689.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sark-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to drip, oozeface="Times New Roman Star"капать, стекать по капле, сочиться
face="Times New Roman Star"sarq- (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"sarqy-face="Times New Roman Star"sarq- (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"sa(r)qi-


face="Times New Roman Star"sar(y)q-face="Times New Roman Star"saryx-


face="Times New Roman Star"s@rg|@n-

face="Times New Roman Star"saryq-
face="Times New Roman Star"saryq-face="Times New Roman Star"saryq-, sarqy-face="Times New Roman Star"sarq-face="Times New Roman Star"harqy-

face="Times New Roman Star"sarq-, sarx-face="Times New Roman Star"saryq-
face="Times New Roman Star"sarq-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 404, EDT 847-848, ЭСТЯ 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*uja-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be ashamed 2 shameface="Times New Roman Star"1 стыдиться 2 стыдface="Times New Roman Star"ujad- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ujad|- (MK, KB), ujal- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ujat- 1, ujat 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"u>jal- 1, u>jat 2face="Times New Roman Star"ujal-, ujat- 1, ujat 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ujal- 1, ujat 2face="Times New Roman Star"ujat 2, ujal-, (dial.) ujat- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ujal- 1, ujat 2face="Times New Roman Star"ujat- 1, ujat 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ujat 2, ujal- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"yjat- 1, yjat 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ujal- 1, ujat 2face="Times New Roman Star"u>jal- 1, u>jat 2face="Times New Roman Star"ujal- 1, ujat 2face="Times New Roman Star"u>jal- 1, u>jat 2face="Times New Roman Star"ujal- 1, ujat 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ujal- 1, ujat 2face="Times New Roman Star"ujal- 1, ujat 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ujat- 1 (tr.), ujat 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511, ЭСТЯ 1, 561-563 (confused with *ubut q. v. sub *i_upo), 576, EDT 269, 272-273.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kypy-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sense, invention, cleverness 2 to invent, think offace="Times New Roman Star"1 смысл, изобретательность, ум 2 выдумывать









face="Times New Roman Star"xyby-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyby-
face="Times New Roman Star"xъw|bъw|l 'dexterous'face="Times New Roman Star"kyp 'dexterously'


face="Times New Roman Star"qybac?y 'experienced person'








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to plaster 2 eye pus 3 to puncture (a tumour, furuncle)face="Times New Roman Star"1 мазать, залеплять, обмазывать 2 глазной гной 3 прокалывать (опухоль, нарыв)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"c?apak 2

face="Times New Roman Star"c?api- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-li- 1, c?apaq 2






face="Times New Roman Star"s/op- 'заворачивать пирог'

face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 'to pour water and stamp (ground)'(?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-ta- 1, c?abaq-ta- 3face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-ta- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"c?apaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-s?a-la- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"(aq) c?ap- 'to blanch, pipeclay'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Ашм. XII, 248. Turk. > Hung. csipa 'eye pus' (<*c?apag|), see Gombocz 1912.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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